8月科学教育网小李来为大家讲解下。language，learning，Language，learning，begins这个很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧！
MillionsofChinesearelearningEnglishtoacquireknowledgeandskillsforcommunicationinaworldwhereEnglishhasbecometheprimarylanguageforinternationaldiscourse.YetnotmanylearnershavecometorealizethatthecommandoftheEnglishlanguagealsoenablesthemtohaveaneasyaccesstotheworldliteraryclassicssuchasShakespeare'splays,Shelley'spoems,markTwain'snovelsandNietzsche'sworkswhichareanimportantpartofliberal-artseducation.Themostimportantgoalsofuniversitiesarenotvocational,thatis,notmerelythegivingofknowledgeandthetrainingofskills.——《哈克历险记》
[比心]Perfectionism is really a bad thing in language learning.
完美主义是语言学习的大敌
[比心]Because language is a （means of communication）.
因为语言是一种（交流方式）
[比心]It's a way to get to know new people and new cultures.
是一种认识新的朋友和新的文化的方式
摘自[TEDx]破解语言学习之谜
#代码小工蚁每天学英语# #英语句子# #我要上头条#
What are the goals and objectives of English language learning?英语语言学习的目标和宗旨是什么？
The overall aim of English language teaching described in 2011 English Curriculum Standards is to cultivate students' comprehensive language capability.This comprehensive language capability is based on students' language knowledge and skills,affects,learning strategies,and cultural awareness.These five aspects together promote students' language capability.
1.The four language skills are listening,speaking,reading,and writing.
2.Language knowledge includes phonetics,vocabulary,grammar,functions,and topics.
3.Affects are international perspectives,patriotism,cooperation,confidence,and motivation.
4.learning strategies include cognitive strategy,self-management,communicative strategy,and resourcing.
5.Cultural awareness includes cultural knowledge,cultural understanding,and trans-cultural awareness.
Learning a new language is like growing a new muscle. It builds the brain in complex ways and helps you see the world in new ways.
学习一门新语言就像长出一块新肌肉一样。它以复杂的方式构建大脑，帮助你以全新的方式看世界。
Learning languages is something that makes people feel more powerful, the key to open new doors.
学习语言让人感觉更强大，是一把打开全新大门的钥匙。
Language learning doesn't have to be hard. It can be fun when you practice conversation with natives who are also looking to expand their language skills.
语言学习不一定很难。当你和那些同样希望提高语言技能的母语使用者练习会话时，会很有趣。
2. 读英文书可以培养用英语思维的习惯-- 坚持！
Reading is an exercise in language learning.
Reading English novels will help improve your vocabulary, general understanding
and in some cases it may even give you more knowledge into different countries
and their cultures. You also get to move at your own pace. While reading a book,
you can read as slowly or as quickly as you desire. If you did not understand
something, simply look at the paragraph again.
#IJCAI 2020# 论文推荐：
论文名称：Overcoming Language Priors with Self-supervised Learning for Visual Question Answering
论文链接：Overcoming Language Priors with Self-supervised Learning for...
推荐理由：由固有的数据偏差, 大多数视觉问题回答（Visual Question Answering , VQA）模型都受到语言先验问题的困扰。具体来说，VQA模型倾向于根据高频答案（例如，黄色）来回答问题（例如，香蕉是什么颜色的），而忽略图像内容。现有方法通过创建精巧的模型或引入额外的视觉注释来解决这类问题依赖性，同时加强图像依赖性。然而，因为数据偏差没有得到缓解，它们仍然受到语言先验问题的影响。本文引入了一个自监督学习框架来解决上述问题。具体来说，作者首先通过自动生成标签数据来平衡有偏差的数据，并提出一个自监督辅助任务，利用平衡数据来辅助基础VQA模型克服语言先验。该方法能够在不引入外部标注的情况下，通过生成平衡数据来补偿数据偏差。
会议链接：IJCAI2020-学术会议 - AMiner
订阅了解更多论文信息，定制您的个人科研动态信息流：用户画像论文推荐-学术订阅 - AMiner
#AMiner##论文#
According to this view, learning consists of selecting, from a large set of expressions in the language of thought, the one that best fits the data. We will soon see that this is an excellent model of what children do. Like budding scientists, they formulate theories and compare them with the outside world. This implies that children's mental representations are much more structured than those of present- day artifcial neural networks. From birth, the child's brain must already possess two key ingredients: all the machinery that makes it possible to generate a plethora of abstract formulas (a combinatorial language of thought) and the ability to choose from these formulas wisely,according to their plausibility given the data.
Such is the new vision of the brain:" an immense generative model, massively structured and capable of producing myriad hypothetical rules and structures -but which gradually restricts itself to those that fit with reality.
根据这个观点，学习是由从大量的思想语言的表达系列中选择最适合数据的那个而构成的。我们很快会发现这是孩子们所采取的超凡的模式。像未来的科学家一样，孩子们将理论公式化，并与外部世界相比较。这意味着孩子们的心理表征比那些今天的人工神经网络更有条理。自出生，孩子的大脑肯定已经拥有了两项关键要素：所有的机能使得大脑能产生大量的抽象公式（思想的组合语言）以及根据输入数据的合理性，从这些公式中做出明智选择的能力。
这是大脑的新观点：一个巨大的生成模型，极度条理化，能够生成大量的想象出来的规则和结构---但是，又能逐渐将自己限制在那些符合现实的规则和结构上。
This sad story illustrates the limits of brain plasticity. Learning a language is obviously based on the immense plasticity of the infant's brain. Any baby is capable of learning any language of the world, from the tones in Chinese to the clicks in Bantu of South Africa, because its brain changes adequately in response to immersion in a particular community. However, this plasticity is neither infinite nor magical: it is a strictly material process that requires specific nutritional and energetic inputs, and even a few weeks of deprivation can lead to permanent deficits. And because the organization of the brain is highly modular, these deficits may be restricted to a specific cognitive domain, such as grammar or vocabulary. The pediatric literature is full of similar examples. I could have mentioned, for instance, fetal alcohol syndrome, which is caused by exposure of the fetus to alcohol ingested by the mother. Alcohol is a teratogen, a substance that causes embryonic malformations of the body and brain: it is a true poison for the developing nervous system, one that should clearly be avoided throughout pregnancy. For dendritic trees to thrive, the garden of the brain must be provided with all the nutrients it needs.
这个悲惨的故事说明了大脑可塑性的局限。学习一门语言显然基于婴幼儿大脑巨大的可塑性。任何婴儿能够学会世界上的任何一门语言，从汉语的声调到非洲南部班图语言中的滴答声，因为大脑为了回应某些区域的专注必须充分变换。但是，可塑性既不是无限的，也不是充满魔法的：它是种严格的材料组织过程，需要专门的营养和能量输入，甚至几周的匮乏会导致永久性的缺陷。因为大脑的组织高度模块化，这些缺陷可能被局限在特定的认知领域，例如语法或词汇。儿科文献上充斥着类似的案例。例如，我曾提到致命的酒精综合征，就是由母亲饮用酒精导致胎儿暴露出来的倾向性。酒精是致畸源，这种物质导致身体和大脑的胚胎畸形：对于发育中的神经系统来说是真正的毒药，而在孕期是完全可以避免的。为了树突状的树茁壮成长，大脑的花园必须被供给它需要的所有营养。
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